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Yogyakarta (also Jogja, Yogya, Jogjakarta) is a city in the Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia. It is renowned as a center of classical Javanese fine art and culture such as batik, ballet, drama, music, poetry and puppet shows. It is also famous as a center for Indonesian higher education. It was the Indonesian capital during the Indonesian National Revolution from 1945 to 1949

Jogjakarta (Indonesisch: Yogyakarta, oude spelwijze: Djokjakarta, vaak kortweg Djokja genoemd) is een provincie en stad in Midden-Java, Indonesië.







Het is de hoofdstad van een provincie met dezelfde naam. Deze provincie heeft de status van bijzonder district (Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta), ook wel aangegeven als DIY.







De stad was vroeger onderdeel van het centrum van het Javaanse rijk Mataram en werd toen Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat genoemd. Deze naam wordt nog steeds gebruikt voor het complex dat de Kraton vormt. Na een geschil in 1755 werd het rijk opgesplitst in twee rijken, het Sultanaat van Jogjakarta en het rijk van Surakarta. Later werden nog twee delen afgesplitst.



Bezienswaardigheden



* Het paleis van de sultan, Kraton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat (Kraton) werd in deze periode gebouwd door vorst Mangkubumi (of Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono I) en wordt nog steeds bewoond door de huidige sultan van Jogjakarta, Sultan Hamengkubuwono X, die tevens gouverneur is van het gebied.



Zijn voorganger, Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX, verklaarde na de onafhankelijkheidsverklaring van Indonesië dat het sultanaat onderdeel uit zou maken van de Republiek Indonesië. Daarmee koos hij partij voor de jonge Republiek, en tegen de Nederlanders. Tot de officiële onafhankelijkheidsoverdracht in december 1949 was Jogjakarta ook de hoofdstad van de republiek.



* Waterpaleis



* Jalan Malioboro, bekende winkelstraat in Jogjakarta



Vele toeristen doen de stad aan, met name om de Kraton en de nabijgelegen tempels te bezoeken.



De belangrijkste tempelcomplexen zijn de:



* Borobudur



* Prambanan



* Dieng plateau met vijf tempels



Jogjakarta is een echte studentenstad met tientallen universiteiten



Regentschappen



Jogjakarta omvat vier regentschappen (kabupaten):



* Bantul



* Gunung Kidul



* Kulon Progo



* Sleman



Daarnaast is er in Jogjakarta ook een stadsgemeente (kota), Jogjakarta genaamd.



Jogjakarta, stad in Indonesië, hoofdstad van het bijzondere district Jogjakarta, midden op het eiland Java, gelegen aan de voet van de Gunung Merapi, heeft ongeveer 512.000 inwoners, 15.601,2 per km².



Jogjakarta is een agrarisch handelscentrum, er is leer- textiel- en voedingsmiddelenindustrie. Er zijn universiteiten, hogescholen, bibliotheken, musea. Toerisme is belangrijk, vanwege de monumenten en paleizen, ook is er batik en houtsnijwerk te zien. De stad was van 1945 tot 1950 de regeringszetel van de Republiek Indonesië.



Onderdistricten



Jogjakarta bestaat uit veertien onderdistricten (kecamatan):



* Danurejan



* Gedongtengen



* Gondokusuman



* Gondomanan



* Jetis



* Kotagede



* Kraton



* Mantrijeron



* Mergangsan



* Ngampilan



* Pakualaman



* Tegalrejo



* Umbulharjo



* Wirobrajan



The Special Region of Yogyakarta (Indonesian: Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, or DIY), is a province of Indonesia on the island of Java. It is the only province in Indonesia that is still formally governed by a precolonial Sultanate, the Sultanate of Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat. Yogyakarta is commonly pronounced and often spelled Jogjakarta (IPA /ʤogʤəkartə/).



The city of Yogyakarta is the capital of the province.



Geography



Yogyakarta is located in south-central Java. It is surrounded by the province of Central Java (Jawa Tengah) and the Indian Ocean in the south. The city is located at 7°47′S, 110°22′E.



The population of DIY in 2003 was approximately 3,000,000. The province of Yogyakarta has a total area of 3,185.80 km². Yogyakarta has the second-smallest area of the provinces in Indonesia, after the Jakarta Capital Region. However it has, along with adjacent areas in Central Java, some of the highest population densities of Java.



Administrative divisions



Yogyakarta province is subdivided into four regencies (kabupaten) and one city (kota):



* Bantul Regency (506.86 km²)



* Gunung Kidul Regency (1,485.36 km²)



* Kulon Progo Regency (586.27 km²)



* Sleman Regency (574.82 km²)



* Yogyakarta City (32.5 km²)



History



The Yogyakarta Sultanate, formally the Sultanate of Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat, was formed in 1755 when the existing Sultanate of Mataram was divided by the Dutch East India Company (VOC) in two under the Treaty of Giyanti. This treaty states that the Sultanate of Mataram was to be divided into the Sultanate of Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat with Yogyakarta as the capital and Mangkubumi who became Sultan Hamengkubuwono I as its Sultan and the Sultanate of Surakarta Hadiningrat with Surakarta as the capital and Pakubuwono III who was the ruler of the Sultanate of Mataram as its Sultan. The Sultan Hamengkubuwono I spent the next 37 years building the new capital, with the Kraton as the centerpiece and the court at Surakarta as the blueprint model. By the time he died in 1792, his territory exceeded Surakarta's.



The ruler Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX (April 12, 1912 - 1988) held a degree from the Dutch Leiden University, and held for a time the largely ceremonial position of Vice-President of Indonesia, in recognition of his status, as well as Minister of Finance and Minister of Defense.



In support of Indonesia declaring independence from the Dutch and Japanese occupation, in September 5, 1945, Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX of Yogya and Sri Paku Alam VIII in Yogya declared their sultanates to be part of the Republic of Indonesia. In return for this unfailing support, a law was passed in 1950, in which Yogyakarta was granted the status of province Daerah Istimewa (Special Region Province), with special status that recognizes the power of the Sultan in his own region's domestic affairs. Hence Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX was appointed as the governor for life. During the Indonesian war of independence against the Dutch after World War II (1945-1950), the capital of the newly-declared Indonesian republic was temporarily moved to Yogyakarta when the Dutch reoccupied Jakarta from January 1946 until August 1950.



The current ruler of Yogyakarta is his son, Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono X, who holds a law degree from Universitas Gadjah Mada. Upon the elder sultan's death, the position of governor, according to the agreement with Indonesia, was to pass to his heir. However, the central government at that time insisted on an election. In 1998, Sultan Hamengkubuwono X was elected as governor by the provincial house of representatives (DPRD) of Yogyakarta, defying the will of the central government. He remains the only governor in Java without a military background: "I may be a sultan," he has been quoted in Asia Week as saying, "but is it not possible for me to also be a democrat?"



Yogyakarta (also Jogja, Yogya, Jogjakarta) is a city in the Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia. It is renowned as a center of classical Javanese fine art and culture such as batik, ballet, drama, music, poetry and puppet shows. It is also famous as a center for Indonesian higher education. It was the Indonesian capital during the Indonesian National Revolution from 1945 to 1949.



Orientation



The area of the city is 32.5 km². While the city sprawls in all directions from the kraton, the core of the modern city is to the north, site of a few buildings with distinctive Dutch colonial-era architecture, and the contemporary commercial district. Jalan Malioboro, with rows of sidewalk vendors and nearby market and malls, is the primary shopping street for tourists in the city, while Jalan Solo, further north, is a shopping district more frequented by locals. At the southern end of Malioboro, on the east side is the large local market of Beringharjo, not far from Fort Vredeburg a restored Dutch fort.



At Yogyakarta's center is the kraton, or Sultan's palace. Surrounding the kraton is a densely-populated residential neighborhood that occupies land that was formerly the Sultan's sole domain; evidence of this former use remains in the form of old walls and the ruined "Water Castle" (Tamansari), built in 1758 as a pleasure garden. No longer used by the sultan, the garden had been largely abandoned, and was used for housing by palace employees and descendants. Reconstruction efforts began in 2004, and an effort to renew the neighborhood around the kraton has begun. The site is a developing tourist attraction.



Administration



The city is divided into 14 districts (kecamatan).



1. Gondokusuman



2. Jetis



3. Tegalrejo



4. Umbulharjo



5. Kotagede



6. Mergangsan



7. Ngampilan



8. Danurejan



9. Kraton



10. Wirobrajan



11. Pakualaman



12. Mantrijeron



13. Gedongtengen



14. Gondomanan



Coordinates: 7°48′5″S, 110°21′52″E