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Tennessee, USA

Tree: Nederlandse voorouders

Notes:
Tennessee is a U.S. state located in the Southern United States. In 1796, it became the sixteenth state to join the union. Tennessee is known as the "Volunteer State", a nickname it earned during the War of 1812, in which volunteer soldiers from Tennessee played a prominent role, especially during the Battle of New Orleans. The capital is Nashville and the largest city is Memphis.



History



The area now known as Tennessee was first settled by Paleo-Indians nearly 11,000 years ago. The names of the cultural groups that inhabited the area between first settlement and the time of European contact are unknown, but several distinct cultural phases have been named by archaeologists, including Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippian whose chiefdoms were the cultural predecessors of the Muscogee people who inhabited the Tennessee River Valley prior to Cherokee migration into the river's headwaters.



When Spanish explorers first visited the area, led by Hernando de Soto in 1539–43, it was inhabited by tribes of Muscogee and Yuchi people. Possibly because of European diseases devastating the Native tribes, which would have left a population vacuum, and also from expanding European settlement in the north, the Cherokee moved south from the area now called Virginia. As European colonists spread into the area, the native populations were forcibly displaced to the south and west, including all Muscogee and Yuchi peoples, the Chickasaw, and Choctaw.



Early during the American Revolutionary War, Fort Watauga at Sycamore Shoals (in present day Elizabethton) was attacked in 1776 by Dragging Canoe and his warring faction of Cherokee (also referred by settlers as the Chickamauga) opposed to the Transylvania Purchase and aligned with the British Loyalists. The frontier fort on the banks of the Watauga River later served as a 1780 staging area for the Overmountain Men in preparation to trek over the Appalachian Mountains, to engage, and to later defeat the British Army at the Battle of Kings Mountain in North Carolina.



Eight counties of western North Carolina (and now part of Tennessee) broke off from that state in the late 1780s and formed the abortive State of Franklin. Efforts to obtain admission to the Union failed, and the counties had re-joined North Carolina by 1790. In an effort to encourage settlers to move west into the new territory of Tennessee, in 1787 the mother state of North Carolina ordered a road to be cut to take settlers into the Cumberland Settlements—from the south end of Clinch Mountain (in East Tennessee) to French Lick (Nashville). the Trace was called the “North Carolina Road” or “Avery’s Trace,” and sometimes “The Wilderness Road” (not to be confused with Daniel Boone's road through Cumberland Gap).



Tennessee was admitted to the Union in 1796 as the 16th state; it was created by taking the north and south borders of North Carolina and extending them to the Mississippi River, with one small deviation. The word Tennessee comes from the Cherokee town Tanasi, which along with its neighbor town Chota was one of the most important Cherokee towns and often referred to as the capital city of the Overhill Cherokee. The meaning of the word "tanasi" is lost (Mooney, 1900).



During the administration of U.S. President Martin Van Buren, nearly 17,000 Cherokees were uprooted from their homes between 1838 and 1839 and were forced by the U.S. military to march from "emigration depots" in Eastern Tennessee (such as Fort Cass) and toward the more distant Indian Territory west of Arkansas, and an estimated 4,000 Cherokees died along the way west. In the Cherokee language, the event is called Nunna daul Isunyi—"the Trail Where We Cried." The Cherokees were not the only Native Americans forced to emigrate as a result of the Indian Removal efforts of the United States, and so the phrase "Trail of Tears" is sometimes used to refer to similar events endured by other Native American peoples, especially among the "Five Civilized Tribes." The phrase originated as a description of the earlier emigration of the Choctaw nation.



Many major battles of the American Civil War were fought in Tennessee—most of them Union victories. It was the last border state to secede from the Union when it joined the Confederate States of America on June 8, 1861. Ulysses S. Grant and the U.S. Navy captured control of the Cumberland and Tennessee rivers in February 1862, and they held off the Confederate counterattack at Shiloh in April. Capture of Memphis and Nashville gave the Union control of the western and middle sections; this control was confirmed at the battle of Murfreesboro in early January 1863. But the Confederates held East Tennessee despite the strength of Unionist sentiment there, with the exception of extremely pro-Confederate Sullivan County. The Confederates besieged Chattanooga in early fall 1863, but were driven off by Grant in November. Many of the Confederate defeats can be attributed to the poor strategic vision of General Braxton Bragg, who led the Army of Tennessee from Perryville, KY to Confederate defeat at Chattanooga. The last major battles came when the Confederates invaded in November 1864 and were checked at Franklin, then totally destroyed by George Thomas at Nashville, in December. Meanwhile Andrew Johnson, a civilian, was appointed military governor by President Abraham Lincoln, and slavery was abolished.



After the war, Tennessee adopted a new constitution that abolished slavery effective February 22, 1865 and ratified the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution on July 18, 1866. Tennessee was the first state readmitted to the Union on July 24, 1866. Because it ratified the Fourteenth Amendment, Tennessee was the only state that seceded from the Union that did not have a military governor during Reconstruction.



In 1897, the state celebrated its centennial of statehood (albeit one year late) with a great exposition.



On August 18, 1920, Tennessee became the thirty-sixth and final state necessary to ratify the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution which provided women the right to vote.



The need to create work for the unemployed during the Great Depression, the desire for rural electrification, and the desire to control the annual spring floods and improve shipping on the Tennessee River drove the creation of the Tennessee Valley Authority in 1933. It quickly became the nation's largest public utility.



During World War II, Oak Ridge was selected as a United States Department of Energy national laboratory, one of the principal sites for the Manhattan Project's production and isolation of weapons-grade fissile material.



Tennessee celebrated its bicentennial in 1996 after a yearlong statewide celebration entitled "Tennessee 200" by opening a new state park (Bicentennial Mall) at the foot of Capitol Hill in Nashville.



Demographics



The center of population of Tennessee is located in Rutherford County, in the city of Murfreesboro .



According to the U.S. Census Bureau, as of 2006, Tennessee has an estimated population of 6,038,803, which is an increase of 83,058, or 1.4%, from the prior year and an increase of 349,541, or 6.1%, since the year 2000. This includes a natural increase since the last census of 142,266 people (that is 493,881 births minus 351,615 deaths) and an increase from net migration of 219,551 people into the state. Immigration from outside the United States resulted in a net increase of 59,385 people, and migration within the country produced a net increase of 160,166 people.



In 2000, the five most common self-reported ethnic groups in the state were: American (17.3%), African American (16.4%), Irish (9.3%), English (9.1%), and German (8.3%). Those who identify themselves as 'American' are most likely of British or Scotch-Irish (Ulster-Scots) descent.



The state's African-American population is concentrated mainly in Western and Middle Tennessee and the cities of Memphis, Nashville, Clarksville, Chattanooga, and Knoxville.



6.6% of Tennessee's population were reported as under 5 years of age, 24.6% under 18, and 12.4% were 65 or older. Females made up approximately 51.3% of the population.

Birth

Matches 1 to 14 of 14

	Last Name, Given Name(s)	Birth		Person ID	Tree
1	Blanton, David	1799	Tennessee, USA	I452036	Nederlandse voorouders
2	Bohannan, Catherine	Abt 1823	Tennessee, USA	I452090	Nederlandse voorouders
3	Bohannan, Henderson	Thu 25 Apr 1805	Tennessee, USA	I452059	Nederlandse voorouders
4	Bohannan, John B.	Mon 16 Aug 1824	Tennessee, USA	I452064	Nederlandse voorouders
5	Bohannan, Martha Jane	Thu 29 Aug 1833	Tennessee, USA	I452091	Nederlandse voorouders
6	Bohannan, Nancy A.	Abt 1837	Tennessee, USA	I452158	Nederlandse voorouders
7	Bohannan, William Henderson	Sun 05 Feb 1826	Tennessee, USA	I452057	Nederlandse voorouders
8	Glover, Emily Frances	Fri 24 Mar 1837	Tennessee, USA	I454202	Nederlandse voorouders
9	Green, Elizabeth	Fri 04 Sep 1812	Tennessee, USA	I454182	Nederlandse voorouders
10	Hale, Ruth	1887	Tennessee, USA	I687783	Nederlandse voorouders
11	Harp, Elizabeth Jane	Tue 15 Sep 1829	Tennessee, USA	I452058	Nederlandse voorouders
12	Keller, John M.	Mon 15 Nov 1813	Tennessee, USA	I454181	Nederlandse voorouders
13	Morgan, George Thomas	Fri 20 Jun 1924	Tennessee, USA	I683986	Nederlandse voorouders
14	Utter, Madora L.	Abt 1856	Tennessee, USA	I449381	Nederlandse voorouders

Death

Matches 1 to 4 of 4

	Last Name, Given Name(s)	Death		Person ID	Tree
1	Boyd, Linda Lee	Sun 09 May 1993	Tennessee, USA	I46545	Nederlandse voorouders
2	Bryan, William Jennings	Sun 26 Jul 1925	Tennessee, USA	I738926	Nederlandse voorouders
3	Green, Elizabeth	Abt 1864	Tennessee, USA	I454182	Nederlandse voorouders
4	Keller, John M.	Abt 1864	Tennessee, USA	I454181	Nederlandse voorouders