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Danmark

Tree: Nederlandse voorouders

Notes:
: 'dɑnmɑɐ̥g̊) is the smallest and southernmost of the Nordic countries. Located north of its only land neighbour, Germany, southwest of Sweden, and south of Norway, it is located at 56° N 10° E in northern Europe. The national capital is Copenhagen. Denmark is regarded as a Scandinavian country, although it is not located on the Scandinavian Peninsula. The kingdom of Denmark (Danmarks Rige) includes Denmark proper, the Faroe Islands and Greenland.



Denmark borders both the Baltic and the North Sea. The country consists of a large peninsula, Jutland, which borders northern Germany, plus a large number of islands, most notably Zealand, Funen, Vendsyssel-Thy, Lolland and Bornholm as well as hundreds of minor islands often referred to as the Danish Archipelago. Denmark has historically controlled the approach to the Baltic Sea, and these waters are also known as the Danish straits.



Denmark became a constitutional monarchy in 1849 after having been an absolutist state since 1660 and has been a parliamentary democracy since 1901. Having existed for more than 1000 years, the Danish monarchy is the second oldest in the world, right after the Japanese. Denmark is a part of the European Union. The Kingdom of Denmark also encompasses two off-shore territories, Greenland and the Faroe Islands, both of which enjoy wideranging home rule. Since the mid-20th century, Danish society has been partly defined by the "Scandinavian Model" of public services.



Prehistoric Denmark



The earliest Danish archaeological findings date back to 130,000–110,000 BC in the Eem interglacial period. People have inhabited Denmark since about 12,500 BC, and agriculture has been in evidence since around 3,900 BC. The Nordic Bronze Age (1,800–600 BC) in Denmark was marked by burial mounds, which left an abundance of findings, including lurs and the Sun Chariot.



During the Pre-Roman Iron Age (500 BC – AD 1), native groups began migrating south. The Roman provinces maintained trade routes and relations with native tribes in Denmark, and Roman coins have been found in Denmark. Evidence of strong Celtic cultural influence dates from this period in Denmark and much of northwest Europe, and is among other things reflected in the finding of the Gundestrup cauldron. The first Danish people came to Denmark between the Pre-Roman and Germanic Iron Age, in the Roman Iron Age (AD 1–400).



Before the arrival of precursors to the Danes, who came from Scandinavia and spoke an early form of north Germanic, most of Jutland and part of the islands had been vacated or partly vacated by the earlier Jutes, who settled in Britain together with the Angles and the Saxons to form the Anglo-Saxons.



The exact origin of Denmark has been lost in history, but a short note about the Dani in "The Origin and Deeds of the Goths" from 551 AD by historian Jordanes is believed by some to be an early mention of the Daner, one of the ethnos from which are descended the modern Danish people. The Danevirke defence structures were built in several phases from the 3rd century forth, and the sheer size of the construction efforts in 737 are attributed to the emergence of a Danish king. The new runic alphabet was first used at the same time, and Ribe, the oldest town of Denmark, was founded about 700.



From the 8th to the 10th century, the Danes were known as Vikings. Together with Norwegians and Swedes, they colonised, raided and traded in all parts of Europe. Viking explorers first discovered Iceland by accident in the 9th century, on the way towards the Faroe Islands and eventually came across "Vinland" (Land of wine) also known today as Newfoundland, in Canada. The Danish Vikings were most active in England and France where they temporarily conquered parts of England, known as the Danelaw, Ireland and France, founded Normandy. More Anglo-Saxon pence of this period have been found in Denmark than in England. As attested by the Jelling stones, the Danes were united and Christianised about 965 by Harald Bluetooth, the second recognised king of Denmark. In the early 11th century, Canute the Great won and united Denmark, England and Norway for almost 30 years



Medieval Denmark



Throughout the High and Late Middle Ages, Denmark also included Skåneland (Skåne, Halland and Blekinge) and Danish kings ruled Danish Estonia, as well as the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein. Most of the latter two now form part of northern Germany. In 1397, Denmark entered the Kalmar Union with Norway and Sweden. The union was a personal union with the individual states maintaining their nominal independence. Scandinavia remained unified under this arrangement until Sweden broke away in 1523. The Protestant Reformation came to Scandinavia in the 1530s, and following the Count's Feud civil war, Denmark converted to Lutheranism in 1536. Later that year, Denmark entered into a union with Norway.



Recent history



Two and a half centuries of wars with Sweden followed. Skåneland was lost to Sweden in the Treaty of Roskilde in 1658 and the Denmark-Norway union was dissolved by the Treaty of Kiel in 1814, when Norway entered a new union with Sweden, which lasted until 1905. Denmark kept the colonies of Iceland, Faroe Islands and Greenland. Apart from the Nordic colonies, Denmark ruled over Danish India (Tranquebar in India) from 1620 to 1869, the Danish Gold Coast (Ghana) from 1658 to 1850, and the Danish West Indies (the United States Virgin Islands) from 1671 to 1917.



The Danish liberal and national movement gained momentum in the 1830s, and after the European Revolutions of 1848 Denmark became a constitutional monarchy on 5 June 1849.



After the Second War of Schleswig (Danish: Slesvig) in 1864, Denmark was forced to cede Schleswig-Holstein to Prussia, in a defeat that left deep marks on the Danish national identity. After this point Denmark adopted a policy of neutrality, as a result of which Denmark stayed neutral in World War I. After the defeat of Germany, the Versailles powers offered to return the then-German region of Schleswig-Holstein to Denmark. Fearing German irredentism, Denmark refused to consider the return of the area and insisted on a plebiscite concerning the return of Schleswig. The two Schleswig Plebiscites took place on 10 February and 14 March, respectively. On 10 July 1920, after the plebiscite and the King's signature (9 July) on the reunion document, Northern Schleswig (Sønderjylland) was recovered by Denmark, thereby adding 163,600 inhabitants and 3,984 kilometres². The reunion day (Genforeningsdag) is celebrated every year 15 June on Valdemarsdag.



Despite its continued neutrality, Denmark was invaded by Germany (Operation Weserübung), on 9 April 1940. Though accorded self-rule (which ended in 23 August 1943 because of a mounting resistance movement, which was upsetting the German military leadership), Denmark remained militarily occupied throughout World War II. The Danish sympathy for the Allied cause was in general strong, but in spite of this fact the economical cooperation between Germany and Denmark continued throughout the war. In 1944, 1,900 Danish police officers were arrested by the Gestapo and sent to the concentration camp Buchenwald, from which many never returned alive. During the war, Iceland claimed independence and in 1948 the Faroe Islands gained home rule. After the war, Denmark became one of the founding members of the United Nations and NATO and, in 1973, joined the European Economic Community (later, the European Union). In 1979, Greenland gained home rule.

Birth

Matches 1 to 8 of 8

	Last Name, Given Name(s)	Birth		Person ID	Tree
1	Bech, Jijtte	Fri 13 Jan 1911	Danmark	I738863	Nederlandse voorouders
2	Gaffelbaard, Koning Sven	Abt 965	Danmark	I433739	Nederlandse voorouders
3	Hauge, Elise Marie	Fri 18 Jan 1878	Danmark	I450167	Nederlandse voorouders
4	Hauge, Mads Hansen	Fri 09 Apr 1880	Danmark	I449293	Nederlandse voorouders
5	Hollman, Winnie	Yes, date unknown	Danmark	I681598	Nederlandse voorouders
6	Nefer, Kirsten	Yes, date unknown	Danmark	I680907	Nederlandse voorouders
7	Petersen, Inga Maria	1913	Danmark	I672911	Nederlandse voorouders
8	Underbjerg, Carsten	Yes, date unknown	Danmark	I457403	Nederlandse voorouders

Death

Matches 1 to 5 of 5

	Last Name, Given Name(s)	Death		Person ID	Tree
1	Fijn, Pieter	Wed 08 Jul 1908	Danmark	I214088	Nederlandse voorouders
2	Moltke, Carl Poul Oscar	Tue 05 Sep 1939	Danmark	I738880	Nederlandse voorouders
3	Mulder, Jacob	Yes, date unknown	Danmark	I421769	Nederlandse voorouders
4	Roemelingh, Konrad	Wed 01 Jan 1676	Danmark	I34458	Nederlandse voorouders
5	van Sleeswijk Holstein, Dagmar	Sat 13 Oct 1928	Danmark	I670936	Nederlandse voorouders

Occupation

Matches 1 to 2 of 2

	Last Name, Given Name(s)	Occupation		Person ID	Tree
1	Roemelingh, Konrad		Danmark	I34458	Nederlandse voorouders
2	Roemelingh, Konrad		Danmark	I34458	Nederlandse voorouders

Marriage

Matches 1 to 1 of 1

	Family	Marriage		Family ID	Tree
1	Hauge / Mathiesen	Sat 01 Sep 1877	Danmark	F175592	Nederlandse voorouders