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Central Europe

Tree: Nederlandse voorouders

Notes:
Central Europe is the region lying between the variously and vaguely defined areas of Eastern and Western Europe. In addition, Northern, Southern and Southeastern Europe may variously delimit or overlap into Central Europe. The term has come back into fashion since the end of the Cold War, which had divided Europe politically into East and West, with the Iron Curtain splitting "Central Europe" in half. The understanding of the concept of Central Europe varies considerably from nation to nation, and also has from time to time.



The region is usually used to mean:



* Austria



* Czech Republic



* Germany



* Hungary



* Liechtenstein



* Poland



* Slovakia



* Slovenia



* Switzerland



Rather than a physical entity, Central Europe is a concept of shared history, in opposition to the East represented by the Ottoman Empire and Imperial Russia, as well as the associated religions of Eastern Orthodoxy and Islam - with Central Europe generally defined as an overwhelmingly Catholic area, and up to World War I distinguished from the West as an area of relative political conservatism opposed to the liberalism of France and Great Britain and the influences of the French Revolution. In the nineteenth century, while France developed into a republic and Britain was a liberal parliamentary monarchy in which the monarch had very little real power, Austria-Hungary and Prussia (later German Empire), in contrast, remained conservative monarchies in which the monarch and his court played a central governmental role, along with some influence of religion. Following World War I, most nations in Central Europe rapidly fell under authoritarian regimes while Western European countries maintained their parliamentary systems, and although the divide between Western and Central Europe became somewhat obsolete after World War II and the fall of Nazism, it remains as a historic and cultural boundary.



In the English language, the concept of Central Europe largely fell out of usage during Cold War, shadowed by notions of Eastern and Western Europe. It may be seen in historical and cultural contexts. However, the term is being increasingly used again, with the recent expanses of European Union.



It is sometimes joked that Central Europe is the part of the continent that is considered Eastern by Western Europeans and Western by Eastern Europeans.







Geography strongly defines Central Europe's borders to its neighbouring regions to the North and South: namely Northern Europe (or Scandinavia) across the Baltic Sea and the Apennine peninsula (or Italy) across the Alps. The borders to Western Europe and Eastern Europe are geographically less defined and for this reason culture and geographical definitions migrate easier West-East than South-North. To note the Rhine river which runs South-North through Western Germany is a speciality.



This may explain why according to most English-language encyclopedias, such as the Encyclopædia Britannica, the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica and the Columbia Encyclopedia, as well as the CIA World Factbook, the term Central Europe is taken to include:



Alpine countries (west to east)



* Switzerland



* Germany



* Liechtenstein



* Austria



* Slovenia



Visegrád group (north to south)



In an article on Europe, the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia counts Germany (that then reached east of the Baltic) but not Switzerland to Central Europe; Liechtenstein is not mentioned. In other articles of that encyclopedia, France and Switzerland are included.



The notion of Alpine Countries extending to the Baltic Sea and the North Sea is not uncontroversial. While Germany without any doubt has formerly been considered a Central European land, both by Germans and by others, it has at least for the 19th and 20th century had an identity and self-image as located North of the Alps rather than in the Alps. This holds true even for Bavaria, the most Alpine of the German states, where most people live below the Alps, not in them.



Culturally Central-European



Several other countries have regions that retain a Central European character as well, having historically been part of the central European kingdoms and empires such as the Holy Roman Empire, the Kingdom of Hungary, the Habsburg monarchy, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, and Imperial Germany. These are:



* Belarus (western parts)



* Bosnia and Herzegovina (the northern chunk adjacent to Vojvodina and Slavonia)



* Croatia (although Dalmatia is often considered to be part of Southern Europe)



* Lithuania



* Romania (Transylvania, Banat and Bucovina)



* Serbia (Vojvodina)



* Ukraine (Carpathian Ruthenia, Galicia, Volhynia, Podolia)



* Italy (South Tyrol, Friuli-Venezia Giulia)



Remnants of the Holy Roman Empire



The German term Mitteleuropa (or alternatively its literal translation into English, Middle Europe) is sometimes used in English to refer to an area somewhat larger than most conceptions of 'Central Europe'; it refers to territories under German(ic) cultural hegemony until World War I (encompassing Austria-Hungary and Germany in their antebellum formations but usually excluding the Baltic countries north of East Prussia). In Germany the connotation is also heavily linked to the pre-war German provinces east of the Oder-Neisse line which were lost, annexed by People's Republic of Poland and the Soviet Union, and ethnically cleansed from Germans by national and communist authorities and forces (see expulsion of Germans after World War II). In this view Bohemia, with its Western Slavic heritage combined with its historical "Sudetenland", is a core-region illustrating the problems and features of the entire Central European region.

Birth

Matches 1 to 2 of 2

	Last Name, Given Name(s)	Birth		Person ID	Tree
1	Christa, Matej	Bef 1889	Central Europe	I828710	Nederlandse voorouders
2	Stol, Franziska	Bef 1889	Central Europe	I828711	Nederlandse voorouders

Death

Matches 1 to 18 of 18

	Last Name, Given Name(s)	Death		Person ID	Tree
1	Abas, Dina Marianna Abraham	Sat 30 Sep 1944	Central Europe	I88514	Nederlandse voorouders
2	Abas, Maurits	Sat 05 May 1945	Central Europe	I88571	Nederlandse voorouders
3	Cardozo, Saul	Fri 04 May 1945	Central Europe	I88549	Nederlandse voorouders
4	Christa, Matej	Bef 1934	Central Europe	I828710	Nederlandse voorouders
5	van Coevorden, Nathan	Sun 28 Feb 1943	Central Europe	I89402	Nederlandse voorouders
6	Couzijn, Abraham	Wed 09 May 1945	Central Europe	I88516	Nederlandse voorouders
7	Gröninger, Heinz	Sat 03 Jun 1944	Central Europe	I177334	Nederlandse voorouders
8	van der Horst, Abraham Machiel	Fri 31 Mar 1944	Central Europe	I53134	Nederlandse voorouders
9	Jonas Wilda, Levie	Tue 31 Aug 1943	Central Europe	I53214	Nederlandse voorouders
10	van de Kar, David	Tue 31 Aug 1943	Central Europe	I89341	Nederlandse voorouders
11	Meijer, Jacob	Wed 28 Feb 1945	Central Europe	I53166	Nederlandse voorouders
12	Meijer, Jakob	Tue 20 Feb 1945	Central Europe	I53156	Nederlandse voorouders
13	Meijer, Mozes	Thu 15 Mar 1945	Central Europe	I53396	Nederlandse voorouders
14	Stol, Franziska	Bef 1934	Central Europe	I828711	Nederlandse voorouders
15	Vas Dias, Haim Isaac	Wed 28 Feb 1945	Central Europe	I28547	Nederlandse voorouders
16	Vaz Dias, Mordechai	Wed 28 Feb 1945	Central Europe	I28540	Nederlandse voorouders
17	Vaz Dias, Sophie	Wed 28 Feb 1945	Central Europe	I28538	Nederlandse voorouders
18	de Vries, Izak	Fri 31 Mar 1944	Central Europe	I88601	Nederlandse voorouders