Tree: Nederlandse voorouders
Notes:
Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербу́рг (help·info), tr.: Sankt-Peterburg, IPA: sankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk) is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea. The city's other names were Sankt-Piter-Burh (Са́нкт-Питер-Бу́рх, 1703), Petrograd (Петрогра́д, 1914–1924) and Leningrad (Ленингра́д, 1924–1991). It is informally known as Piter (Пи́тер).
Founded by Tsar Peter the Great on May 27, 1703, it was the capital of the Russian Empire for more than two hundred years (1713-1728, 1732-1918). St. Petersburg ceased being the capital in 1918 after the Russian Revolution of 1917. It is Russia's second largest and Europe's fourth largest city (by city limit) after Moscow, London and Paris. At latitude 59°56′N, Saint Petersburg is the world's largest city north of Moscow (55°45′N). 4.6 million people live in the city, and over 6 million people live in the city's vicinity. Saint Petersburg is a major European cultural center, and important Russian port on the Baltic Sea. The city, as federal subject, has a total area of 1,439 square kilometres (556 sq mi).
St. Petersburg is often argued to have the image of being the most Western European styled city of Russia. Among cities of the world with over one million people, Saint Petersburg is the northernmost. The Historic Centre of Saint Petersburg and Related Groups of Monuments constitute a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Russia's political and cultural center for 200 years, the city is impressive, and is sometimes referred to in Russia as "the Northern Capital" (северная столица, severnaya stolitsa). A large number of foreign consulates are located in Saint Petersburg. The Constitutional Court of Russia will move to Saint Petersburg from Moscow in May 2008.
History
On May 1, 1703, during the Great Northern War, Peter the Great captured the Swedish fortress of Nyenskans on the Neva river in Ingria. Few weeks later, on May 27, 1703 (May 16, Old Style), lower on the river, on Zayachy (Hare) Island, three miles (5 km) inland from the gulf, he laid down the Peter and Paul Fortress, which became the first building of the new city, but has never been sieged. He named the city after his patron saint, the apostle Peter. The original name was meant to sound like Dutch due to Peter's obsession with the Dutch culture. The city was built by conscripted serfs from all over Russia under the supervision of Alexander Menshikov and later became the center of Saint Petersburg Governorate. Peter moved the capital from Moscow to St. Petersburg in 1712, well before the Treaty of Nystad of 1721 ended the war and annexed the territory to Russia.
During the first few years of its existence the city grew spontaneously around Trinity Square on the right bank of Neva, near the Peter and Paul Fortress. However, St. Petersburg soon started to develop according to a plan. By 1716 Domenico Trezzini had elaborated a project whereby the city center would be located on Vasilievsky Island and shaped by a rectangular grid of canals. The project has never been completed, but is still evident in the layout of the streets. In 1716 Jean-Baptiste Alexandre Le Blond was appointed chief architect of Saint Petersburg by Peter the Great. The style of Petrine Baroque, developed by Trezzini and other architects and exemplified by such buildings as the Menshikov Palace, Kunstkamera, Peter and Paul Cathedral, Twelve Collegia, became prominent in the city architecture of the early 18th century. In 1724 the Academy of Sciences, University and Academic Gymnasium were established in Saint Petersburg by Peter the Great.
However, in 1725 Peter died. His efforts to push for modernization were completely misunderstood by the old-fashioned Russian nobility. This resulted in considerable opposition, including several attempts on his life and a treason case involving his own son. In 1728 Peter II of Russia moved his seat back to Moscow. But four years later, in 1732, during the reign of Anna of Russia, St. Petersburg again became the capital of the Russian Empire and had remained the seat of the government for 186 years since then.
In 1736-1737 the city suffered from catastrophic fires. In order to rebuild the damaged boroughs, in 1737 a new plan was commissioned by a committee under Burkhard Christoph von Munnich. The city was divided into five boroughs, and the city center was moved to the Admiralty borough, situated on the left bank between the Neva and Fontanka. It developed along three radial streets, which meet at the Admiralty and are now known as Nevsky Prospekt (which is now perceived as the main street of the city), Gorokhovaya Street and Voznesensky Prospekt. The style of Baroque dominated the city architecture during the first sixty years, culminating in the Elizabethan Baroque, represented most notably by Bartolomeo Rastrelli with such buildings as the Winter Palace. In the 1760s the Baroque was succeeded by the neoclassical architecture.
The Commission of Stone Buildings of Moscow and St Petersburg established in 1762 under Alexey Kvasov ruled that no structure in the city be higher than the Winter Palace and prohibited spacing between buildings. During the reign of Catherine the Great in the 1760s-1780s the banks of the Neva were lined with granite embankments. However, it wasn't until 1850 that it was allowed to open the first permanent bridge across the Neva, Blagoveshchensky Bridge. Before that, only pontoon bridges were allowed. Obvodny Canal (dug in 1769-1833) became the southern limit of the city. The victory over Napoleonic France in the Patriotic War of 1812 was commemorated with many monuments, including Alexander Column designed by Auguste de Montferrand and erected in 1834 and Narva Triumphal Gate. Some of the most important neoclassical architects in Saint Petersburg (including those working within the Empire style) were Jean-Baptiste Vallin de la Mothe (Imperial Academy of Arts, Small Hermitage, Gostiny Dvor, New Holland Arch), Antonio Rinaldi (Marble Palace), Yury Felten (Old Hermitage, Chesme Church), Giacomo Quarenghi (Academy of Sciences, Hermitage Theatre, Yusupov Palace), Andrey Voronikhin (Mining Institute, Kazan Cathedral), Andrey Zakharov (Admiralty building), Jean-François Thomas de Thomon (Spit of Vasilievsky Island), Carlo Rossi (Yelagin Palace, Mikhailovsky Palace, Alexandrine Theatre, Senate and Synod Buildings, General Staff Building, design of many streets and squares), Vasily Stasov (Moscow Triumphal Gate), Auguste de Montferrand (Saint Isaac's Cathedral, Alexander Column).
In 1825 the suppressed Decembrist revolt against Nicholas I of Russia took place on the Senate Square in the city, a day after he assumed the throne.
By the 1840s the neoclassical architecture had given place to various romanticist styles, which were dominant until the 1890s, represented by such architects as Andrei Stackenschneider (Mariinsky Palace, Beloselsky-Belozersky Palace, Nicholas Palace, New Michael Palace) and Konstantin Thon (Moskovsky Rail Terminal). The Church of the Savior on Blood was designed by Alfred Parland in the Russian revival style to commemorate the place where Alexander II of Russia was assassinated in 1881.
The son of Tsar Nicholas I, Tsar Alexander II, implemented the most challenging reforms undertaken in Russia since the reign of Peter the Great. The emancipation of the serfs (1861) caused the influx of large numbers of poor into the capital. Tenements were erected on the outskirts, and nascent industry sprang up, surpassing Moscow in population and industrial growth. By 1900, St. Petersburg had grown into one of the largest industrial hubs in Europe, an important international center of power, business and politics, and the fourth largest city in Europe.
The Revolution of 1905 initiated here and spread rapidly into the provinces. With the start of World War I, the name St. Petersburg was perceived to be too German, so in 1914 the city was renamed Petrograd. 1917 saw next stages of the Russian Revolution, and re-emergence of the Communist Party led by Lenin, who declared "All power to the Soviets!"
The city's proximity to anti-Soviet armies forced communist leader Vladimir Lenin to move his government to Moscow on March 5, 1918. On January 24, 1924, three days after Lenin's death, Petrograd was renamed Leningrad.
St. Petersburg was devastated by Lenin's Red Terror then by Stalin's Great Purge in addition to crime and vandalism in the series of revolutions and wars. Between 1917 and the 1930s, about two million people fled the city, including hundreds of thousands of intellectuals and aristocracy, who emigrated to Europe and America. At the same time many political, social and paramilitary groups had followed the communist government in their move to Moscow, as the benefits of capital status had left the city. In 1931 Leningrad administratively separated from Leningrad Oblast.
During World War II, Leningrad was surrounded and besieged by the German Wehrmacht from September 8, 1941 to January 27, 1944. By Hitler's order the Wehrmacht constantly shelled and bombed the city and systematically isolated it from any supplies, causing death of more than 1 million civilians in 3 years; 1942 alone saw 650,000 people die.
As a result of the Nazi siege, about 1.2 million of 3 million Leningrad civilians lost their lives through starvation, infections, direct bombardment, and stress. About 1 million civilians were evacuated. For the heroic resistance of the city and tenacity of the survivors of the Siege, Leningrad was the first city in the former USSR to be awarded the title Hero City in 1945. Some performance and cinema theatres were opened for public by the middle of 1946, and in May of 1947 the famous fountains of the Peterhof park were re-constructed from ruins and opened to the public again. Leningrad and many of its suburbs were rebuilt over the post-war decades, partially according to the pre-war plans. In 1950 the Kirov Stadium was opened and soon set a record when 110,000 fans attended a football match.
The Leningrad Metro, which was designed before the war in the 1930s, was finally completed and opened in 1955 with its first seven stations decorated with marble and bronze. Population of Leningrad with suburbs had increased rapidly in the 10 post-war years from under 0.8 million to about 4 million.
During the late 1940s and 1950s, the political and cultural elite of Leningrad suffered from repressions under dictatorship of Stalin, hundreds were executed and thousands were imprisoned in repressions known as the Leningrad Affair. Independent thinkers, writers, artists and other intellectuals were attacked, magazines "Zvezda" and "Leningrad" were banned, Akhmatova and Zoshchenko were repressed, and tens of thousands Leningraders were exiled to Siberia.
On June 12, 1991, the day of the first Russian presidential election, in a referendum 54% of voters chose to restore the name "Saint Petersburg" (change later occurring on September 6, 1991). In the same election Anatoly Sobchak became the first democratically elected mayor of the city. Leningrad Oblast retained its name after a popular vote. It is a separate federal subject of Russia of which the city of St. Petersburg is the capital.
In 1996, Vladimir Yakovlev was elected the head of the Saint Petersburg City Administration. The title of the city head was changed in advance from "mayor" to "governor." In 2003, Yakovlev resigned a year before his second term expired. Valentina Matviyenko was elected governor. In 2006 she was reapproved as governor by the city legislature. The Constitutional Court of Russia is scheduled to move to the former Senate and Synod buildings at the Decembrists Square in St. Petersburg by 2008.
Matches 1 to 30 of 30
Last Name, Given Name(s) | Birth | Person ID | Tree | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Aarva, Hille Olavi | Mon 13 Aug 1906 | Sankt-Peterburg, Rossiya | I119650 | Nederlandse voorouders |
2 | Ahlgren, Jaale Kullervo | Mon 27 Dec 1909 | Sankt-Peterburg, Rossiya | I119651 | Nederlandse voorouders |
3 | Ahlgren, Judith Irene Elsa | Tue 01 Dec 1903 | Sankt-Peterburg, Rossiya | I119649 | Nederlandse voorouders |
4 | Ahlgren, Vrjo August | Sat 11 Aug 1900 | Sankt-Peterburg, Rossiya | I119648 | Nederlandse voorouders |
5 | Balanchivadze, Georg Melitonovitch | Fri 22 Jan 1904 | Sankt-Peterburg, Rossiya | I670956 | Nederlandse voorouders |
6 | de Boer, Hendrik Jans | Sun 23 Oct 1842 | Sankt-Peterburg, Rossiya | I235640 | Nederlandse voorouders |
7 | de Bougadoff, Anna | Wed 28 Jun 1843 | Sankt-Peterburg, Rossiya | I687286 | Nederlandse voorouders |
8 | Feygin, Sophie | Thu 13 Jan 1820 | Sankt-Peterburg, Rossiya | I686444 | Nederlandse voorouders |
9 | Godebska, Maria Zofia Olga Zenajda | Sat 30 Mar 1872 | Sankt-Peterburg, Rossiya | I686207 | Nederlandse voorouders |
10 | Jansen, Wicher | Abt 1872 | Sankt-Peterburg, Rossiya | I692415 | Nederlandse voorouders |
11 | de Kabath, Maria Ivanowna | Fri 7 Feb 1851 | Sankt-Peterburg, Rossiya | I551868 | Nederlandse voorouders |
12 | Karnovitsch, Olga Valeranovna | Sat 02 Dec 1865 | Sankt-Peterburg, Rossiya | I670882 | Nederlandse voorouders |
13 | Lopukhova, Lidia Vasilyevna | Fri 21 Oct 1892 | Sankt-Peterburg, Rossiya | I687781 | Nederlandse voorouders |
14 | Nederstrom, Alma Irene | Wed 20 Oct 1875 | Sankt-Peterburg, Rossiya | I119647 | Nederlandse voorouders |
15 | Oortjes, Derk | Wed 07 Jul 1852 | Sankt-Peterburg, Rossiya | I745820 | Nederlandse voorouders |
16 | Romanoff, Tsaar Alexander III | Tue 25 Feb 1845 | Sankt-Peterburg, Rossiya | I670921 | Nederlandse voorouders |
17 | Romanoff, Anna Paulowna | 1795 | Sankt-Peterburg, Rossiya | I84042 | Nederlandse voorouders |
18 | Romanoff, Groot Hertogin Van Rusland, Koningin Van Württembe Ekatarina Pavlowna | 1788 | Sankt-Peterburg, Rossiya | I84149 | Nederlandse voorouders |
19 | Romanoff, Paul Aleksandrovitsj | Wed 03 Oct 1860 | Sankt-Peterburg, Rossiya | I670923 | Nederlandse voorouders |
20 | Romanoff, Paul I Petrovitz Tsaar | 1754 | Sankt-Peterburg, Rossiya | I84043 | Nederlandse voorouders |
21 | Romanoff, Keizer Van Rusland Peter Ii | 1715 | Sankt-Peterburg, Rossiya | I84183 | Nederlandse voorouders |
22 | Sanders, George Henry | Tue 03 Jul 1906 | Sankt-Peterburg, Rossiya | I671211 | Nederlandse voorouders |
23 | Sijrier, Willem Hendrik Ward | Sat 07 Jul 1894 | Sankt-Peterburg, Rossiya | I666707 | Nederlandse voorouders |
24 | Stravinsky, Fyodor | 1907 | Sankt-Peterburg, Rossiya | I686961 | Nederlandse voorouders |
25 | Stravinsky, Igor Fyodorovich | Sat 17 Jun 1882 | Sankt-Peterburg, Rossiya | I686955 | Nederlandse voorouders |
26 | Stravinsky, Ludmilla | 1908 | Sankt-Peterburg, Rossiya | I686962 | Nederlandse voorouders |
27 | Troubetskoi, Sophie | Fri 25 Mar 1836 | Sankt-Peterburg, Rossiya | I669159 | Nederlandse voorouders |
28 | Ward, Catharina | Wed 02 Nov 1864 | Sankt-Peterburg, Rossiya | I667074 | Nederlandse voorouders |
29 | van Wijk, Lubgiena | Cal 1853 | Sankt-Peterburg, Rossiya | I236239 | Nederlandse voorouders |
30 | Yurievskaya, Catherine Alexandrovna | Mon 09 Sep 1878 | Sankt-Peterburg, Rossiya | I737491 | Nederlandse voorouders |
Matches 1 to 4 of 4
Last Name, Given Name(s) | Christening | Person ID | Tree | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Romanoff, Anna Paulowna | Sun 18 Jan 1795 | Sankt-Peterburg, Rossiya | I84042 | Nederlandse voorouders |
2 | Romanoff, Groot Hertogin Van Rusland, Koningin Van Württembe Ekatarina Pavlowna | Wed 21 May 1788 | Sankt-Peterburg, Rossiya | I84149 | Nederlandse voorouders |
3 | Romanoff, Paul I Petrovitz Tsaar | Tue 01 Oct 1754 | Sankt-Peterburg, Rossiya | I84043 | Nederlandse voorouders |
4 | Romanoff, Keizer Van Rusland Peter Ii | Wed 23 Oct 1715 | Sankt-Peterburg, Rossiya | I84183 | Nederlandse voorouders |
Matches 1 to 25 of 25
Last Name, Given Name(s) | Death | Person ID | Tree | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | de Boer, Anania Harmannus | Sat 15 Aug 1874 | Sankt-Peterburg, Rossiya | I704413 | Nederlandse voorouders |
2 | von Braunschweig Wolfenbüttel, Charlotte | Fri 01 Nov 1715 | Sankt-Peterburg, Rossiya | I84180 | Nederlandse voorouders |
3 | Duit, Reinder Hindriks | Sun 13 Jun 1847 | Sankt-Peterburg, Rossiya | I681612 | Nederlandse voorouders |
4 | Gillot, Hindericus Adolphus | Sun 24 Dec 1916 | Sankt-Peterburg, Rossiya | I278605 | Nederlandse voorouders |
5 | von Hessen Darmstadt, Marie | Tue 08 Jun 1880 | Sankt-Peterburg, Rossiya | I670920 | Nederlandse voorouders |
6 | Moquette, Hermine Christine | Tue 16 Jan 1894 | Sankt-Peterburg, Rossiya | I278533 | Nederlandse voorouders |
7 | Mulder, Hidde Jakobs | Tue 15 Aug 1871 | Sankt-Peterburg, Rossiya | I108906 | Nederlandse voorouders |
8 | Obolensky, Sergei | Mon 26 Jun 1882 | Sankt-Peterburg, Rossiya | I737492 | Nederlandse voorouders |
9 | Oldenburger, Beerend | Thu 02 Aug 1849 | Sankt-Peterburg, Rossiya | I529102 | Nederlandse voorouders |
10 | Romanoff, Aleksej Tsarevitsj | Sun 26 Jun 1718 | Sankt-Peterburg, Rossiya | I84178 | Nederlandse voorouders |
11 | Romanoff, Tsaar Alexander II | Sun 13 Mar 1881 | Sankt-Peterburg, Rossiya | I670914 | Nederlandse voorouders |
12 | Romanoff, Keizerin Van Rusland Elisabeth I | Sat 25 Dec 1762 | Sankt-Peterburg, Rossiya | I84188 | Nederlandse voorouders |
13 | Romanoff, Tsaar Nicolai I | Sun 18 Feb 1855 | Sankt-Peterburg, Rossiya | I669157 | Nederlandse voorouders |
14 | Romanoff, Paul Aleksandrovitsj | Wed 29 Jan 1919 | Sankt-Peterburg, Rossiya | I670923 | Nederlandse voorouders |
15 | Romanoff, Paul I Petrovitz Tsaar | Tue 24 Mar 1801 | Sankt-Peterburg, Rossiya | I84043 | Nederlandse voorouders |
16 | Romanoff, Tsaar En Keizer Van Rusland Peter | Fri 08 Jun 1725 | Sankt-Peterburg, Rossiya | I84154 | Nederlandse voorouders |
17 | Romanoff, Keizer Van Rusland Peter Ii | Mon 30 Jan 1730 | Sankt-Peterburg, Rossiya | I84183 | Nederlandse voorouders |
18 | Romanoff, Peter Iii Tsaar Van Rusland | Sun 18 Jul 1762 | Sankt-Peterburg, Rossiya | I84150 | Nederlandse voorouders |
19 | Schroeder, Piotr Petrovitch | Sat 10 Jan 1824 | Sankt-Peterburg, Rossiya | I66488 | Nederlandse voorouders |
20 | Schuur, Jantina Elisabeth | Jun 1856 | Sankt-Peterburg, Rossiya | I243356 | Nederlandse voorouders |
21 | Servais, Zofia | Sat 30 Mar 1872 | Sankt-Peterburg, Rossiya | I686209 | Nederlandse voorouders |
22 | Stravinsky, Fyodor Ignatievich | Thu 04 Dec 1902 | Sankt-Peterburg, Rossiya | I686956 | Nederlandse voorouders |
23 | Tolstoy, Andrej | Thu 24 Feb 1916 | Sankt-Peterburg, Rossiya | I688132 | Nederlandse voorouders |
24 | Wester, Geert Abrahams | Wed 11 Jul 1849 | Sankt-Peterburg, Rossiya | I110070 | Nederlandse voorouders |
25 | Yesenin, Sergei Alexandrovich | Sat 26 Dec 1925 | Sankt-Peterburg, Rossiya | I688116 | Nederlandse voorouders |
Matches 1 to 1 of 1
Last Name, Given Name(s) | Burial | Person ID | Tree | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Putin, Spiridon | Sankt-Peterburg, Rossiya | I643897 | Nederlandse voorouders |
Matches 1 to 1 of 1
Last Name, Given Name(s) | Onderscheiding | Person ID | Tree | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Boerhave, Johannes | Thu 28 Mar 1895 | Sankt-Peterburg, Rossiya | I608873 | Nederlandse voorouders |
Matches 1 to 11 of 11
Family | Marriage | Family ID | Tree | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Ahlgren / Nederstrom | Fri 17 Nov 1899 | Sankt-Peterburg, Rossiya | F48498 | Nederlandse voorouders |
2 | Flahaut / Troubetskoi | Wed 07 Jan 1857 | Sankt-Peterburg, Rossiya | F255142 | Nederlandse voorouders |
3 | Loman / Gillot | Wed 22 May 1889 | Sankt-Peterburg, Rossiya | F110274 | Nederlandse voorouders |
4 | Obolensky / Naryshkina | Tue 31 Jan 1888 | Sankt-Peterburg, Rossiya | F278035 | Nederlandse voorouders |
5 | Oranje Nassau / Romanoff | Wed 21 Feb 1816 | Sankt-Peterburg, Rossiya | F34071 | Nederlandse voorouders |
6 | Romanoff / Hessen Darmstadt | Mon 26 Nov 1894 | Sankt-Peterburg, Rossiya | F255750 | Nederlandse voorouders |
7 | Romanoff / Hohenzollern | Sun 13 Jul 1817 | Sankt-Peterburg, Rossiya | F255140 | Nederlandse voorouders |
8 | Romanoff / Sleeswijk Holstein | Sun 28 Oct 1866 | Sankt-Peterburg, Rossiya | F255749 | Nederlandse voorouders |
9 | Romanoff / Württemberg | Mon 07 Oct 1776 | Sankt-Peterburg, Rossiya | F34072 | Nederlandse voorouders |
10 | Servais / Feygin | 1842 | Sankt-Peterburg, Rossiya | F261350 | Nederlandse voorouders |
11 | Stravinsky / Nosenko | Tue 23 Jan 1906 | Sankt-Peterburg, Rossiya | F261627 | Nederlandse voorouders |
This site powered by The Next Generation of Genealogy Sitebuilding v. 14.0.1, written by Darrin Lythgoe © 2001-2024.
Maintained by Hans Weebers. | Data Protection Policy.