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Minnesota, USA

Tree: Nederlandse voorouders

Notes:
Minnesota (help·info) (pronounced: ˌmɪnəˈsoʊtə) is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States. It is the 12th largest state in the U.S., and the 21st most populous, with just over five million residents as of 2006. Minnesota was carved out of the eastern half of the Minnesota Territory and admitted to the Union as the 32nd state on May 11, 1858. While the state's residents are primarily white and Northern European, substantial influxes of African, Asian, and Hispanic immigrants have joined the descendants of European immigrants and of the original Native American inhabitants.



Nearly 60% of Minnesota's residents live in the Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area known as the Twin Cities, the center of transportation, business, and industry, and home to an internationally known arts community. The remainder of the state, often referred to as Greater Minnesota, consists of western prairies now given over to intensive agriculture; eastern deciduous forests, also heavily farmed and settled; and the less-populated northern boreal forest. The state is known as the "Land of 10,000 Lakes," and those lakes and the other waters for which the state is named, together with state and national forests and parks, offer residents and tourists a vigorous outdoor lifestyle.



The extremes of the climate contrast with the moderation of Minnesota’s people. The state is known for its moderate-to-progressive politics and social policies, its civic involvement, and high voter turnout. It ranks among the healthiest states by a number of measures, and has one of the most highly educated and literate populations.



Origin of the name



The name Minnesota comes from the word for the Minnesota River in the Dakota language, mnisota. The Dakota word Mni (sometimes spelled mini, or minne) can be translated as "water". Mnisota is then translated as sky-tinted water or somewhat clouded water. Native Americans demonstrated the name to early settlers by dropping milk into water and calling it mnisota. The names of many locations in the state contain the Dakota word for water, such as Minnehaha Falls ("waterfall", not "laughing waters" as is commonly thought), Minneiska ("white water"), Minnetonka ("big water"), Minnetrista ("crooked water"), and Minneapolis, which is a combination of mni and polis, the Greek word for "city".



History



Before European settlement, Minnesota was populated by the Anishinaabe, the Sioux, and other Native Americans. The first Europeans were French fur traders who arrived in the 1600s. Late that century, the Ojibwe Indians migrated westward to Minnesota, causing tensions with the Sioux. Explorers such as Daniel Greysolon, Sieur du Lhut, Father Louis Hennepin, Jonathan Carver, Henry Schoolcraft, and Joseph Nicollet, among others, mapped out the state.



In 1805, Zebulon Pike acquired land at the confluence of the Minnesota and Mississippi rivers. The construction of Fort Snelling followed between 1819 and 1825. Its soldiers built a grist mill and a sawmill at Saint Anthony Falls, the first of the water-powered industries around which the city of Minneapolis later grew. Meanwhile, squatters, government officials, and tourists had settled in the vicinity of the fort. In 1839, the Army forced them to move downriver, and they settled in the area that became St. Paul. Minnesota Territory was formed on March 3, 1849. Thousands of people had come to build farms and cut timber, and Minnesota became the 32nd U.S. state on May 11, 1858.



Treaties between whites and the Sioux and Ojibwe gradually forced the natives off their lands and onto smaller reservations. As conditions deteriorated for the Sioux, tensions rose, leading to the Dakota War of 1862. The result of the six-week war was the execution of 38 Indians—the largest mass execution in United States history—and the exile of most of the rest of the Sioux to the Crow Creek Reservation in Nebraska.



Logging and farming were mainstays of Minnesota's early economy. The sawmills at Saint Anthony Falls, and logging centers like Marine on St. Croix, Stillwater, and Winona, processed high volumes of lumber. These cities were situated on rivers that were ideal for transportation. Later, Saint Anthony Falls was tapped to provide power for flour mills. Innovations by Minneapolis millers led to the production of Minnesota "patent" flour, widely regarded as the finest bread flour of its time. By 1900, Minnesota mills, led by Pillsbury and the Washburn-Crosby Company (a forerunner of General Mills), were grinding 14.1% of the nation's grain.



The state's iron-mining industry was established with the discovery of iron in the Vermilion Range and the Mesabi Range in the 1880s, and in the Cuyuna Range in the early 1900s. The ore was shipped by rail to Two Harbors and Duluth, then loaded onto ships and transported eastward over the Great Lakes.



Industrial development and the rise of manufacturing caused the population to shift gradually from rural areas to cities during the early 1900s. Nevertheless, farming remained prevalent. Minnesota's economy was hard-hit by the Great Depression, resulting in lower prices for farmers, layoffs among iron miners, and labor unrest. Compounding the adversity, western Minnesota and the Dakotas were hit by drought from 1931 to 1935. New Deal programs provided some economic turnaround. The Civilian Conservation Corps and other programs around the state established some jobs for Indians on their reservations, and the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 provided the tribes with a mechanism of self-government. This provided natives a greater voice within the state, and promoted more respect for tribal customs because religious ceremonies and native languages were no longer suppressed.



After World War II, industrial development quickened. New technology increased farm productivity through automation of feedlots for hogs and cattle, machine milking at dairy farms, and raising chickens in large buildings. Planting became more specialized with hybridization of corn and wheat, and the use of farm machinery such as tractors and combines became the norm. University of Minnesota professor Norman Borlaug contributed to these developments as part of the Green Revolution. Suburban development accelerated due to increased postwar housing demand and convenient transportation. Increased mobility, in turn, enabled more specialized jobs.



Minnesota became a center of technology after the war. Engineering Research Associates was formed in 1946 to develop computers for the United States Navy. It later merged with Remington Rand, and then became Sperry Rand. William Norris left Sperry in 1957 to form Control Data Corporation (CDC). Cray Research was formed when Seymour Cray left CDC to form his own company. Medical device maker Medtronic also started business in the Twin Cities in 1949.



Demographics



Population



From fewer than 6,100 people in 1850, Minnesota's population grew to over 1.75 million by 1900. Each of the next six decades saw a 15% rise in population, reaching 3.41 million in 1960. Growth then slowed, rising 11% to 3.8 million in 1970, and an average of 9% over the next three decades to 4.91 million in the 2000 census. As of July 1, 2006, the state's population was estimated at 5,167,101 by the U.S. Census Bureau. The rate of population change, and age and gender distributions, approximate the national average. Minnesota's growing minority groups, however, still form a significantly smaller proportion of the population than in the nation as a whole. The center of population of Minnesota is located in Hennepin County, in the city of Rogers.



Race and ancestry



Over 75% of Minnesota's residents are of Western European descent, with the largest reported ancestries being German (37.3%), Norwegian (17.0%), Irish (12.2%), and Swedish (10.0%). As of 2004, 6.1% of residents were foreign-born, compared to 12% for the nation. The state has had the reputation of being relatively homogeneous, but that is changing. The Hispanic population of Minnesota is increasing rapidly, and recent immigrants have come from all over the world, including Hmongs, Somalis, Vietnamese, Indians and emigrants from the former Soviet bloc.



The state's racial composition in 2005 was:



* 86.3% White (non-Hispanic);



* 4.1% Black (non-Hispanic);



* 3.6% Hispanic, a category that includes people of many races;



* 3.4% Asian/Pacific Islander;



* 1.1% Native American/Alaskan Native;



* 1.5% mixed race;



* 1.8% other races.

Birth

Matches 1 to 45 of 45

	Last Name, Given Name(s)	Birth		Person ID	Tree
1	Elsie Ione	Tue 02 Nov 1920	Minnesota, USA	I223693	Nederlandse voorouders
2	Martha	Mon 12 Jan 1903	Minnesota, USA	I232451	Nederlandse voorouders
3	Sophia	Abt 1879	Minnesota, USA	I452227	Nederlandse voorouders
4	Abbas, Robert Sidney	Tue 03 Mar 1925	Minnesota, USA	I344646	Nederlandse voorouders
5	Boettcher, Sarah Marie	Sun 14 Oct 1877	Minnesota, USA	I225783	Nederlandse voorouders
6	Buysse, Wilfred August	Fri 22 Jun 1923	Minnesota, USA	I442017	Nederlandse voorouders
7	Ducharme, Anastasia Mirian	1862	Minnesota, USA	I451140	Nederlandse voorouders
8	Ducharme, Remi Dominique	Sun 05 Feb 1860	Minnesota, USA	I451141	Nederlandse voorouders
9	Elmers, Raymond E.	Sun 11 Aug 1895	Minnesota, USA	I449644	Nederlandse voorouders
10	Gomsrud, Albert	Jul 1889	Minnesota, USA	I452610	Nederlandse voorouders
11	Gomsrud, Carl A.	May 1885	Minnesota, USA	I452608	Nederlandse voorouders
12	Gomsrud, Caroline	Sep 1898	Minnesota, USA	I452613	Nederlandse voorouders
13	Gomsrud, Marie	Jul 1891	Minnesota, USA	I452612	Nederlandse voorouders
14	Gomsrud, Melvin	Feb 1896	Minnesota, USA	I452614	Nederlandse voorouders
15	Gomsrud, Palma E.	Mar 1900	Minnesota, USA	I452615	Nederlandse voorouders
16	Gomsrud, Peter A.	Mar 1882	Minnesota, USA	I452607	Nederlandse voorouders
17	Gomsrud, Theodor	Jul 1887	Minnesota, USA	I452609	Nederlandse voorouders
18	Hewitt, Albert Purl	Mon 17 Jan 1881	Minnesota, USA	I449962	Nederlandse voorouders
19	Jakobowski, Corrine	Est 1935	Minnesota, USA	I56982	Nederlandse voorouders
20	Kielman, Fredrick	Mon 02 Sep 1918	Minnesota, USA	I380647	Nederlandse voorouders
21	Kielman, George	Tue 14 Nov 1916	Minnesota, USA	I380646	Nederlandse voorouders
22	Kielman, Herman	Sun 10 Jan 1915	Minnesota, USA	I380645	Nederlandse voorouders
23	Ludka, Helen Ann	Thu 19 Dec 1907	Minnesota, USA	I223657	Nederlandse voorouders
24	Ostendorf, Caroline C.	Thu 06 May 1920	Minnesota, USA	I223682	Nederlandse voorouders
25	Ostendorf, Theodor Frank	Mon 23 May 1927	Minnesota, USA	I224009	Nederlandse voorouders
26	Redfield, Barbara Lee	Wed 16 Nov 1927	Minnesota, USA	I684503	Nederlandse voorouders
27	Rothwell, Lillie	Abt 1875	Minnesota, USA	I452920	Nederlandse voorouders
28	Shaw, George H.	Abt 1894	Minnesota, USA	I452868	Nederlandse voorouders
29	Streutker, Elizabeth Bessie	1894	Minnesota, USA	I244816	Nederlandse voorouders
30	Swank, Mildred M.	Abt 1905	Minnesota, USA	I452161	Nederlandse voorouders
31	Swygman, Dewaine J.	Sun 12 Feb 1928	Minnesota, USA	I223663	Nederlandse voorouders
32	Swygman, Eugene Arthur	Sat 07 Sep 1918	Minnesota, USA	I223685	Nederlandse voorouders
33	Swygman, Gerald	Thu 06 Aug 1936	Minnesota, USA	I223675	Nederlandse voorouders
34	Thompson, Fred C.	Abt 1865	Minnesota, USA	I447727	Nederlandse voorouders
35	Thompson, Rolfe L.	Abt 1867	Minnesota, USA	I447728	Nederlandse voorouders
36	Tobin, Harry	Abt 1914	Minnesota, USA	I351724	Nederlandse voorouders
37	Wellcome, Fae	Jan 1891	Minnesota, USA	I447697	Nederlandse voorouders
38	Wellcome, Mary	1880	Minnesota, USA	I452777	Nederlandse voorouders
39	Wellcome, Roy V.	Abt 1884	Minnesota, USA	I447646	Nederlandse voorouders
40	Wellcome, Royal	Jan 1893	Minnesota, USA	I447695	Nederlandse voorouders
41	Wellcome, Ruth	Oct 1895	Minnesota, USA	I447696	Nederlandse voorouders
42	Wentworth, Asa L.	Dec 1878	Minnesota, USA	I452914	Nederlandse voorouders
43	Widmark, Richard Weedt	Sat 26 Dec 1914	Minnesota, USA	I684204	Nederlandse voorouders
44	Wood, Ova	Sun 17 Apr 1898	Minnesota, USA	I223653	Nederlandse voorouders
45	Woodson, Adelaide	Apr 1872	Minnesota, USA	I447694	Nederlandse voorouders

Death

Matches 1 to 14 of 14

	Last Name, Given Name(s)	Death		Person ID	Tree
1	Jakobowski, Corrine	Mon 04 Aug 2014	Minnesota, USA	I56982	Nederlandse voorouders
2	Keuter, Maria Catharina	Aft 17 Apr 1893	Minnesota, USA	I178420	Nederlandse voorouders
3	Lange, Geert Harm	Aft 1890	Minnesota, USA	I178708	Nederlandse voorouders
4	de Lange, Harmpje	1928	Minnesota, USA	I467364	Nederlandse voorouders
5	Lange, Jan	Aft 1890	Minnesota, USA	I178709	Nederlandse voorouders
6	Lange, Jan Berend	Aft 1890	Minnesota, USA	I178705	Nederlandse voorouders
7	Lange, Maria Gesina	Aft 1890	Minnesota, USA	I178707	Nederlandse voorouders
8	Langen, Anna Adelheid	Aft Apr 1893	Minnesota, USA	I179088	Nederlandse voorouders
9	Langen, Anna Maria	Aft 1901	Minnesota, USA	I178701	Nederlandse voorouders
10	Langen, Jan Adolf	Apr 1893	Minnesota, USA	I178419	Nederlandse voorouders
11	Langen, Johan Heinrich	Aft Apr 1893	Minnesota, USA	I179089	Nederlandse voorouders
12	Roelfs, Siebentje	1951	Minnesota, USA	I306314	Nederlandse voorouders
13	Romsa, Josephine Melinda	Sat 06 Mar 1943	Minnesota, USA	I450731	Nederlandse voorouders
14	Sandjer, Lefferdus Lefferdus	1950	Minnesota, USA	I306208	Nederlandse voorouders

Burial

Matches 1 to 1 of 1

	Last Name, Given Name(s)	Burial		Person ID	Tree
1	de Lange, Harmpje		Minnesota, USA	I467364	Nederlandse voorouders

Marriage

Matches 1 to 4 of 4

	Family	Marriage		Family ID	Tree
1	Bouwma / Peterson	Sat 20 Jun 1925	Minnesota, USA	F74890	Nederlandse voorouders
2	Geuskens / Jakobowski	Mon 12 Oct 1953	Minnesota, USA	F22704	Nederlandse voorouders
3	Kielman / Kooistra	1916	Minnesota, USA	F144816	Nederlandse voorouders
4	Ramstad / Ford	Thu 08 Dec 1955	Minnesota, USA	F189183	Nederlandse voorouders

Divorce

Matches 1 to 1 of 1

	Family	Divorce		Family ID	Tree
1	Geuskens / Jakobowski		Minnesota, USA	F22704	Nederlandse voorouders